First law of thermodynamics Totally Explained

The first law of thermodynamics is an expression of the universal law of conservation of energy, and identifies heat transfer as a form of energy transfer. The most common enunciation of the first law of thermodynamics is:

History

James Prescott Joule first laid down the foundation of the first law of thermodynamics, saying that heat and work are mutually convertible, through his extraordinary series of experiments.
The first explicit statement of the first law of thermodynamics was given by Rudolf Clausius in 1850: "There is a state function E, called 'energy', whose differential equals the work exchanged with the surroundings during an adiabatic process."

Mathematical formulation

The mathematical statement of the first law of a closed system is given by:
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mathrmU=-delta Q+delta W,

Because of this ambiguity, it's vitally important in any discussion involving the first law to explicitly establish the sign convention in use.

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